Natural Steels

Other common names: Alloy B-2

Hastelloy B2 is a solid solution strengthened, nickel-molybdenum alloy, with significant resistance to reducing environments like hydrogen chloride gas, and sulfuric, acetic and phosphoric acids. Molybdenum is the primary alloying element which provides significant corrosion resistance to reducing environments. This nickel steel alloy can be used in the as-welded condition because it resists the formation of grain-boundary carbide precipitates in the weld heat-affected zone.

This nickel alloy provides excellent resistance to hydrochloric acid at all concentrations and temperatures. In additions, Hastelloy B2 has excellent resistance to pitting, stress corrosion cracking and to knife-line and heat-affected zone attack. Alloy B2 provides resistance to pure sulfuric acid and a number of non-oxidizing acids.

Limiting Factors of Hastelloy B2
Alloy B-2 has poor corrosion resistance to oxidizingenvironments, therefore, it is not recommended for use in oxidizing media or in the presence of ferric or cupric salts because they may cause rapid premature corrosion failure. These salts may develop when hydrochloric acid comes in contact with iron and copper. Therefore, if this alloy is used in conjunction with iron or copper piping in a system containing hydrochloric acid, the presence of these salts could cause the alloy to fail prematurely. In addition, this nickel steel alloy should not be used at temperatures between 1000° F and 1600° F because of a reduction in the ductility in the alloy.

In what forms is Hastelloy B-2 Available at Natural Steels ?

• Round Bar

What are the characteristics of Hastelloy B2?

• Great resistance to stress corrosion cracking and pitting
• Significant resistance to reducing conditions like hydrogen chloride, sulfuric, acetic and phosphoric acids
• Resistance to hydrochloric acid at all concentrations and temperatures

Chemical Composition, %

In what applications is Hastelloy B-2 used?

• Chemical processes
• Vacuum furnaces
• Mechanical components in reducing environments

For information on machining, click here.

ASTM Specifications

Mechanical Properties
Annealed Material

 

Hastelloy B-3 UNS Number N010675 Hastelloy B3 is a nickel-molybdenum alloy with excellent resistance to pitting, corrosion, and stress-corrosion cracking plus, thermal stability superior to that of alloy B-2. In addition, this nickel steel alloy has great resistance to knife-line and heat–affected zone attack. Alloy B-3 also withstands sulfuric, acetic, formic and phosphoric acids, and other non-oxidizing media. Furthermore, this nickel alloy has excellent resistance to hydrochloric acid at all concentrations and temperatures. Hastelloy B-3’s distinguishing feature is its ability to maintain excellent ductility during transient exposures to intermediate temperatures.

Limiting Factors of Hastelloy B-3
Alloy B-3 has poor corrosion resistance to oxidizing environments, therefore, it is not recommended for use in oxidizing media or in the presence of ferric or cupric salts because they may cause rapid premature corrosion failure. These salts may develop when hydrochloric acid comes in contact with iron and copper. Therefore, if this nickel steel alloy is used in conjunction with iron or copper piping in a system containing hydrochloric acid, the presence of these salts could cause the alloy to fail prematurely.

In what forms is Hastelloy B-3 Available at Natural Steels?

• Sheet
• Plate
• Bar
• Pipe (welded & seamless)
• Fittings i.e. flanges, slip-ons, blinds, weld-necks, lapjoints, socket welds, elbows, tees, stub-ends, caps, crosses, reducers, nipples etc
• Wire

What are the characteristics of Hastelloy B-3?

• Maintains excellent ductility during transient exposures to intermediate temperatures
• Excellent resistance to pitting, corrosion and stress-corrosion cracking
• Excellent resistance to knife-line and heat-affected zone attack
• Excellent resistance to acetic, formic and phosphoric acids and other non-oxidizing media
• Resistance to hydrochloric acid at all concentrations and temperatures
• Thermal stability superior to alloy B-2

Chemical Composition, %

Fabrication with Hastelloy B-3

Problems associated with fabrication of alloy B-2 components should be minimized with alloy B-3 due to its improved thermal stability. A low carbon content permits alloy B-3 to be used in the as-welded condition. Hastelloy B-3 has good overall forming and welding characteristics. This alloy can be forged or otherwise hot-worked, providing that it is held at 2250° F for a sufficient amount of time to bring the entire piece to temperature. Since it is a low carbon alloy, the use of lower hot finishing temperatures may be necessary to achieve grain size control. It may also be formed by cold working. Although it does work-harden somewhat rapidly, B-3 alloy components can be made using all common cold forming techniques. All common welding techniques may be used with alloy B-3, however, oxyacetylene and submerged arc welding processes are not recommended when the fabricated item is to be used in corrosive service.

Hastelloy X ASTM B435, B366, B572, B619 B622, B626, B751, B775, B829
UNS Number N06002 DIN 2.4665
Alloy X, Inconel HX

Hastelloy X is a nickel-chromium-iron-molybdenum superalloy with outstanding high temperature strength, oxidation resistance, and fabricability. Alloy X’s oxidation resistance is excellent up to 2200° F. This nickel steel alloy has also been found to be exceptionally resistant to stress-corrosion cracking in petrochemical applications. Matrix stiffening provided by the molybdenum content results in high strength in a solid-solution alloy having good fabrication characteristics. Although this nickel alloy is primarily noted for heat and oxidation resistance it also has good resistance to chloride stress-corrosion cracking, carburization, and excellent resistance to reducing or carburizing atmospheres. Two common conditions that often lead to early failure in high temperature alloys, carburization and nitriding, Hastelloy X resists.

In what forms is Hastelloy X Available

• Sheet, Plate, Bar, Pipes

What are the characteristics of Hastelloy X

• Outstanding oxidation resistance through 2000° F
• Resistant to carburization and nitriding
• Excellent high temperature strength
• Good resistance to chloride stress-corrosion cracking

Chemical Composition %

In what applications is Hastelloy X used?

• Gas turbines
• Petrochemical industry
• Industrial furnaces
• Heat treating equipment
• Nuclear engineering
• Jet engine combustion chambers
• Aircraft cabin heaters
• Turbine exhaust components

Alloy X is one of the most widely used nickel base superalloys for gas turbine engine combustion zone components such as transition ducts, combustor cans, spray bars and flame holders as well as in afterburners, tailpipes and cabin heaters. It is recommended for use in industrial furnace applications because it has unusual resistance to oxidizing, reducing and neutral atmospheres. Hastelloy X is also used in the chemical process industry for retorts, muffles, catalysts support grids, furnace baffles, tubing for pyrolysis operations and flash drier components.

Fabrication with Hastelloy X

Alloy X has excellent forming and welding characteristics. It can be forged and, because of its good ductility, can be cold worked. It can be welded by both manual and automatic methods including shielded metal arc, gas tungsten arc, gas metal arc and submerged arc processes. The alloy can also be resistance welded. For hot forming, the alloy should be heated to a starting temperature of 2150° F (1175°C).

Mechanical Properties

Representative Tensile Properties, sheet

Hastelloy C276 Pipe and Tube Size ranging from: 15" NB to 250" NB 

Hastelloy C276 Seamless Pipes, 
Hastelloy C276 Seamless Tubes, 
C276 Seamless Pipes, 
C276 Seamless Tubes 

Hastelloy C22 Pipe and Tube

Size ranging from: 15 NB to 200 NB
Sch 10, Sch 40 & Sch 80

ASTM B622 Hastelloy C276 Pipes & Tubes size: 4 mm OD to 122 mm and wall thickness between 0.15 mm to 1.50 mm

ASTM B626 Hastelloy C276 Pipes & Tubes size: 4 mm OD to 122 mm and wall thickness between 0.15 mm to 1.50 mm

ASTM B622 Hastelloy B2 Pipes & Tubes size: 4 mm OD to 122 mm and wall thickness between 0.15 mm to 1.50 mm

ASTM B626 Hastelloy B2 Pipes & Tubes size: 4 mm OD to 122 mm and wall thickness between 0.15 mm to 1.50 mm

Hastelloy C-22 UNS Number N06022

Other common names: Alloy C22

Hastelloy C22, also known as alloy C22, is a versatile austenitic nickel-chromium-molybdenum-tungsten alloy with enhanced resistance to pitting, crevice corrosion and stress corrosion cracking. The high chromium content provides good resistance to oxidizing media while the molybdenum and tungsten content give good resistance to reducing media. This nickel steel alloy also has excellent resistance to oxidizing aqueous media including wet chlorine and mixtures containing nitric acid or oxidizing acids with chlorine ions. Other corrosives Hastelloy C-22 has resistance to are oxidizing acid chlorides, wet chlorine, formic and acetic acids, ferric and cupric chlorides, sea water, brine and many mixed or contaminated chemical solutions, both organic and inorganic. This nickel alloy also offers optimum resistance to environments where reducing and oxidizing conditions are encountered in process streams.

This nickel alloy resists the formation of grain-boundary precipitates in the weld heat-affected zone, thus making it suitable for most chemical process applications in the as-welded condition.

Alloy C-22 should not be used in service temperatures above 1250 F due to the formation of detrimental phases which form above this temperature.

In what forms is Hastelloy C22 Available at Natural Steels?

• Sheet
• Plate
• Bar
• Pipe & Tube (welded & seamless)
• Fittings i.e. flanges, slip-ons, blinds, weld-necks, lapjoints, long welding necks, socket welds, elbows, tees, stub-ends, caps, crosses, reducers, nipples
• Wire

What are the characteristics of Hastelloy C22?

• Resistant to pitting, crevice corrosion and stress corrosion cracking
• Outstanding resistance to both reducing and oxidizing media
• Excellent resistance to oxidizing aqueous media
• Exceptional resistance to a wide variety of chemical process environments including strong oxidizers such as ferric acids, acetic anhydride, and seawater and brine solutions
• Resists the formation of grain-boundary precipitates in the weld heat-affected zone
• Excellent weldability

• Chemical Composition, %

  C	Cr	Co	Fe	Mn	Mo	Ni	P
  .010 max	20-22.5	2.5 max	2.0-6.0	.50 max	12.5-14.5	Balance	.02 max
  Si	S	W	V
  .08 max	.02 max	2.5-3.5	.35 max

Fabrication of Hastelloy C-22

Although ductile enough to be formed by cold working, intermediate annealing may be necessary due to work hardening. Forging should be performed between 1750-2050 F followed by rapid cooling. Annealing can be performed at a temperature range between 2020-2150 F followed by a rapid quench. Cooling at an accelerated rate avoids the formation of detrimental phases which form between 1400-1800 F. Welding can be done by gas tungsten-arc, gas metal-arc and shielded metal-arc processes.

Hastelloy^® C-276 UNS Number N10276

Other common names: Alloy C276, Hastelloy C, Inconel® C-276

Hastelloy C276 is a nickel-molybdenum-chromium superalloy with an addition of tungsten designed to have excellent corrosion resistance in a wide range of severe environments. The high nickel and molybdenum contents make the nickel steel alloy especially resistant to pitting and crevice corrosion in reducing environments while chromium conveys resistance to oxidizing media. The low carbon content minimizes carbide precipitation during welding to maintain corrosion resistance in as-welded structures. This nickel alloy is resistant to the formation of grain boundary precipitates in the weld heat-affected zone, thus making it suitable for most chemical process application in an as welded condition.

Although there are several variations of the Hastelloy nickel alloy, Hastelloy C-276 is by far the most widely used.

Alloy C-276 is widely used in the most severe environments such as chemical processing, pollution control, pulp and paper production, industrial and municipal waste treatment, and recovery of sour natural gas.

In what forms is Hastelloy C276 Available at Natural Steels ?

• Sheet
• Plate
• Pipe & Tube (welded and seamless)
• Wire
• Fittings

Corrosion Resistant Hastelloy C276

Considered one of the most versatile corrosion resistant alloys available, Hastelloy C-276 exhibits excellent resistance in a wide variety of chemical process environments including those with ferric and cupric chlorides, hot contaminated organic and inorganic media, chlorine, formic and acetic acids, acetic anhydride, seawater, brine and hypochlorite and chlorine dioxide solutions. In addition, alloy C-276 resists formation of grain boundary precipitates in the weld heat affected zone making it useful for most chemical processes in the as-welded condition. This alloy has excellent resistance to pitting and stress corrosion cracking.

What are the characteristics of Hastelloy C276?

• Excellent corrosion resistance in reducing environments
• Exceptional resistance to strong solutions of oxidizing salts, such as ferric and cupric chlorides
• High nickel and molybdenum contents providing good corrosion resistance in reducing environments
• Low carbon content which minimizes grain-boundary carbide precipitation during welding to maintain resistance to corrosion in heat-affected zones of welded joints
• Resistance to localized corrosion such as pitting and stress-corrosion cracking
• One of few materials to withstand the corrosive effects of wet chlorine gas, hypochlorite and chlorine dioxide

Chemical Composition, %

Hastelloy C276 is a nickel-molybdenum-chromium alloy that offers excellent resistance to corrosion, pitting, and crevice corrosion in a wide range of environments.
Key characteristics:
1. Excellent corrosion resistance: Resistant to corrosion in oxidizing and reducing environments.2. Pitting resistance: High resistance to pitting and crevice corrosion.3. High-temperature resistance: Suitable for use in high-temperature applications.
Applications:
1. Chemical processing: Used in chemical processing equipment, including reactors, heat exchangers, and tanks.2. Pollution control: Used in pollution control equipment, including scrubbers and flue gas desulfurization systems.3. Pharmaceutical and food processing: Used in equipment for pharmaceutical and food processing industries.4. Oil and gas: Used in oil and gas applications, including downhole and surface equipment.
Hastelloy C276 pipes and tubes are suitable for use in demanding environments where corrosion resistance is critical.

The chemical composition of Hastelloy C276 (UNS N10276) is:
1. Nickel (Ni): Balance2. Molybdenum (Mo): 15-17%3. Chromium (Cr): 14.5-16.5%4. Tungsten (W): 3-4.5%5. Iron (Fe): 4-7%6. Cobalt (Co): 2.5% maximum7. Carbon (C): 0.01% maximum8. Manganese (Mn): 1% maximum9. Silicon (Si): 0.08% maximum10. Phosphorus (P): 0.04% maximum11. Sulfur (S): 0.03% maximum
This composition provides Hastelloy C276 with its excellent resistance to corrosion, pitting, and crevice corrosion in a wide range of environments.

ASTM B 677 904L Wire size: 100 mm TO 6000 mm lengh and diameter 10 mm To 100 mm

ASTM B 673 904L Wire size: 100 mm TO 6000 mm lengh and diameter 10 mm To 100 mm

ASTM B622 Hastelloy C276 Pipes & Tubes size: 4 mm OD to 122 mm and wall thickness between 0.15 mm to 1.50 mm

ASTM B626 Hastelloy C276 Pipes & Tubes size: 4 mm OD to 122 mm and wall thickness between 0.15 mm to 1.50 mm

ASTM B622 Hastelloy B2 Pipes & Tubes size: 4 mm OD to 122 mm and wall thickness between 0.15 mm to 1.50 mm

ASTM B626 Hastelloy B2 Pipes & Tubes size: 4 mm OD to 122 mm and wall thickness between 0.15 mm to 1.50 mm

Hastelloy C22 Sheet and Plate size: 0.3 to 1200 mm thick and 02500 mm or as required

Hastelloy C276 Sheet and Plate size: 0.3 to 1200 mm thick and 02500 mm or as required

Hastelloy C22 Round Bar size: 5 mm To 500 mm and 0.1 mm to 100 mm thickness

Hastelloy C276 Round Bar size: 5 mm To 500 mm and 0.1 mm to 100 mm thickness

Hastelloy C22 Sheet and Plate size: 0.3 to 1200 mm thick and 0-2500 mm or as required

Hastelloy C276 Sheet and Plate size: 0.3 to 1200 mm thick and 0-2500 mm or as required

Hastelloy C276 Wire size: 100 mm TO 6000 mm lengh and diameter 10 mm To 100 mm

Hastelloy C22 Wire size: 100 mm TO 6000 mm lengh and diameter 10 mm To 100 mm